Loss refers to the experience of having something or someone taken away, including loss of health, independence, identity, or a loved one.
Grief is the emotional response to loss. It can be anticipatory (before the loss occurs) or reactive (after the loss).
Dying involves the final stages of life, often accompanied by complex emotional, spiritual, and physical needs.
Grief Stages
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
( These are not always linear.)
Patient-Centered Care:
Provide emotional support and compassionate presence.
Respect the patient's values, beliefs, and end-of-life preferences.
Communicate clearly and empathetically about prognosis and care options.
Cultural and Spiritual Sensitivity:
Understand and respect diverse cultural and religious practices around death.
Facilitate rituals or spiritual support when requested.
Interdisciplinary Support:
Collaborate with palliative care, chaplains, social workers, and mental health professionals.
Encourage family involvement and offer bereavement resources.
Ethical Considerations:
Honor advance directives and informed consent.
Uphold dignity, autonomy, and comfort in end-of-life care.